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This study explores four key decarbonisation pathways across 52 existing ammonia production locations in Europe from 2030 to 2040. Strict hourly time-matching rules for green hydrogen significantly raise production costs, emphasizing the need for more flexible policy approaches and robust energy infrastructure. In the absence of policy support, SMR remains the most cost-effective option, primarily due to the depreciation of […]
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Egypt is well-placed to take advantage of the low-carbon hydrogen economy with a long history of producing hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives in Aswan Governorate (green) and elsewhere (grey). Green hydrogen produced in Egypt is likely to be cheaper than green hydrogen produced in Europe, though the current options for transporting it to Europe will likely erode the cost advantage. Therefore, […]
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This report evaluates the greenhouse gas emissions of alternative marine fuels, focusing on methanol and ammonia. In response to the increasing need for maritime decarbonisation illustrated by the ambitious 2050 net-zero greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions targets set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and EU regulations, this Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), commissioned by CMA CGM, evaluates the greenhouse gas emissions […]
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There is a growing industrial and political drive to expand renewable energy production capacities in combination with renewable and low-carbon hydrogen as a possible energy carrier. There is a broad consensus that Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) will play a critical role in scaling up the hydrogen value chain. Where UHS in salt caverns is closest to commercial-scale implementation, UHS in […]
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This report clarifies the global status of planning for large-scale hydrogen infrastructures and summarizesthe potential impact of those infrastructures on business operators by reviewing advanced case studies. Most large-scale hydrogen infrastructure projects are concentrated in Europe and are expected to become operational by 2030. Reasons for the concentration of projects in Europe include a set of policies designed to expand […]
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Hydrogen and ammonia, used in internal combustion engines or fuel cells, are expected to be important in the necessary fuel transition towards 2050, even though there are challenges related to technology readiness, fuel availability, and cost. This paper outlines how DNV can assist shipowners in obtaining approval for ammonia – and hydrogen – fuelled ships in today’s immature regulatory landscape. […]
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Indonesia possesses vast renewable energy resources, including solar, wind, and hydro, yet their utilization remains significantly underdeveloped. This presentation looks at the opportunities for developing green hydrogen in Indonesia.
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This report concerns the public consultation of ENTSOG’s draft Hydrogen Infrastructure Gaps Identification (H2IGI) Report for TYNDP 2024. Feedback was requested from stakeholders during a consultation period between 18 December 2024 and 22 January 2025 via an online form. This consultation report details the received inputs from stakeholders as well as a statement by ENTSOG on how this input was […]
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Hydrogen, currently presented as the main solution to decarbonising steel, is facing bottlenecks and delays. Policies are strongly needed to accelerate technology deployment, enable the coordination of actors and share the costs fairly. Hydrogen, currently presented as the main solution, is facing bottlenecks and delays. Firstly, the iron ore used in blast furnaces is of too low quality for the […]
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