This report scrutinises the assumptions behind current blue hydrogen pricing, calling for greater transparency and robust definitions. Despite headlines claiming that “blue is cheaper than green” , no blue hydrogen project currently meets the emissions thresholds set by the European Union, Japan, Korea, United Kingdom and United States. To qualify, facilities would need to achieve over 95% carbon capture, near-zero […]

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Green hydrogen trade by 2050: promise or pipe dream?

This analysis aims to explore the tecno-economic potential for the trading of green hydrogen and its associated commodities such as ammonia, e-methanol and direct reduced iron (DRI) in 2050, using a cost-optimisation approach. It builds on IRENA’s 2022 work on hydrogen trade, integrating updated assumptions which reflect the evolving market dynamics, and policy developments. The analysis extends beyond the trading […]

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Unlocking Africa’s green hydrogen potential

Green hydrogen is no longer a distant vision – it is a key pillar of the global energy future. For Africa, it represents a dual opportunity: to support climate goals by producing sustainable fuels at a global level, and to drive inclusive development. It is a landmark opportunity for economic transformation in Africa. With the right investments, partnerships, and policy […]

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Hydrogen in steel: addressing emissions and dealing with overcapacity

A comprehensive analysis of the role of hydrogen in decarbonizing the global steel industry while addressing the challenges of excess capacity. Hydrogen adoption in steelmaking holds significant potential for decarbonization, yet excess capacity hinders the deployment of hydrogen-based solutions and achievement of climate goals. While hydrogen-based DRI facilities could reduce emissions by up to 90% compared to traditional BF-BOF methods, […]

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